By Victory Chukwuka
A new amendment proposed by the Nigerian House of Representatives, which recently passed second reading, seeks to make voting mandatory for all eligible Nigerians. If passed, the bill would amend the Electoral Act to impose a ₦100,000 fine or a six-month jail term on anyone who fails to vote in national and state elections. According to Channels Television, the bill aims to address low voter turnout and strengthen civic responsibility.
Low participation at the polls in Nigeria is not new. Several factors contribute to low participation, including fears of electoral violence, mistrust in the electoral process, poor governance, logistical hurdles like the late distribution of Permanent Voter Cards (PVCs), and a general sense of dissatisfaction with political leadership. Citizens often feel that their votes do not count, especially in a system where electoral malpractice is still perceived to be rampant.
While the compulsory voting bill is a strong gesture towards civic engagement, its potential to solve voter apathy remains questionable. For one, enforcing such a law across Nigeria’s vast and diverse population presents logistical and legal challenges. Moreover, forcing people to vote does not guarantee meaningful participation; citizens may show up at polling units simply to avoid penalties, not because they believe in the process.
Critics argue that a more sustainable solution lies in rebuilding public trust through transparent electoral reforms, enhanced voter education, improved security on election days, and better delivery of campaign promises by elected officials. Making the electoral process more accessible and credible would naturally motivate more citizens to vote, rather than coercing them through threats of fines or jail time.
While the intention behind the bill may be commendable, it risks treating the symptoms of voter apathy without addressing the root causes. For meaningful democracy to succeed, participation must be both free and inspired, not forced.